The Black Freedom Movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s

For my essay, I have chosen to discuss the statement â€Å"The Black Freedom Movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s captured the attention of millions†¦ As American Americans started streaming into American cities, or what American corporations call â€Å"†major markets† U.S. businesses sought to influence the consumption patterns of these increasingly important black consumers.† I have chosen to discuss this title because I believe it had an extremely rich and interesting background to it as well as being able to involve many different aspects from history and society. I plan to layout my essay in five sections, the first section introduces the concept of targeting black consumers and why this occurrence happened in the specific period. The section†¦show more content†¦One such example is the tobacco industry aiming at African Americans. Tobacco advertisements in the 1950’s and 1960’s were all about the normality and inclusion of smoking cigarettes, white people sitting comfortably in their middle class homes, surrounded by friends and families, these advertisements were designed to target the average 1950’s person. This technique had proven successful in gaining white consumers to buy certain brands, such as Camel, this audience desired and looked up to these images of nice, comfortable lives that the people in the advertisemen ts were living. In contrast to the advertisements generated to target African American people, the audience was primarily lower class women. Evidence is seen in how RJ Reynolds, founder of one of the biggest tobacco industries, used the Food Stamp Program to deliver cigarette discount coupons to inner city low-income African-Americans and Latinos. These women were referred to as welfare mothers. This demographic is shown through the images of glamorous and sophisticated black women smoking cigarettes on their own, reminiscent of glamour shots usually taken by actresses. These advertisements were designed for women to idolise the black models featuring and to aspire to get out of the reduced lifestyle that they were living in and live a sort of American Dream. The difference was clear, it was a strong signal that white and blacks were not equal. However, it enforced the solid notion thatShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Was Grass Roots Activism a Significant Reason to Why the Civil Rights Movement Grew in the 1950s and 1960s1394 Words   |  6 Pagesgrass roots activism a significant reason to why the Civil Rights Movement Grew in the 1950s and 1960s The civil rights movement grew for a number of reasons during the 1950’s and 1960s. Prior to this select time period America were fighting in the Cold War and many black soldiers battled in the name of ‘freedom’. This was ironic as these black soldiers were fighting for something that they didn’t even have back home. Often Black soldiers talked about the ‘Double V Campaign’; this was referringRead MoreThe 1950s and 1960s: A Time of Great Changes Shaping the America We Have Today1006 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people think of the 1950’s or 1960’s, they think of Elvis, Greasers, jukeboxes, Woodstock, and rainbow peace signs and hippie love. Although these symbols are somewhat accurate (and very popular), not many people think about the changes society and culture went through. The 1950’s and 60’s were a time of great change and freedom for many Americans. Everything from World War II, to the gay liberation move ment, to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped to change society. Many of the viewsRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil rights movement in the USA in the 1950’s and 1960’s.can be termed as a democratic movement. 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With energy neverRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1623 Words   |  7 Pagesfought their way towards where they are today. Their fight has developed into the Civil Rights Movement in the 1900s. Many historians would agree that the start of the Civil Rights Movement happened early in the 1940’s as approximately two million African Americans migrated North and West, as well as one million moving from farms into urban landscapes in the South. In the 1950s and 1960s, the movement was fighting in various arenas: the streets, the workplaces, and the courtrooms. The de jure ofRead MoreDwight D. 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Through courage, persistence, and determination, the African Americans won their independence (enotes, 2010). The civil rights evolution was a period when society was oppressed for many years, rose up against the disadvantageRead MoreEssay on Waiting Til the Midnight Hour1733 Words   |  7 PagesJerome Carlos Johnson SOCI 3345: Sociology of the 1960’s Five Page Book Review: Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour by Peniel Joseph February 28, 2013 Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour by Peniel Joseph Within the eleven chapters that comprise Waiting Til the Midnight Hour lays a treasure chest of information for anyone interested in Black or African American history, particularly the civil rights movement that took place during the 1950’s and 1960’s. I am a self-professed scholar of African AmericanRead MoreJim Crow Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pages From 1877 throughout 1950 Jim Crow Laws have played a disturbing role in the lives of African American people. Although Jim Crow Laws were dismantled in the 1950’s, its legacy continues to discriminate against African Americans and as a result, movements that fight against hate continue to surface. The purpose of Jim Crow laws was to separate black and white people from even the slightest bit of contact. In the early 1800’s white people believed blacks only existed to be put to work.Read MoreThe Civil Right Movement : History1705 Words   |  7 Pages The Civil Right Movement History can be absurd and sometimes can illustrate great accomplishment by great people. Why history is so important and significant to today’s society? It is something that people require to know about the pass and not remaking those same type of mistake again. Hence, history helps the world to understand changes and how the past causes the present to be the way it is in today’s society. Though the United States became a country with a rich foundation and great accomplishment

Technology 1450-1750 - 882 Words

Technological advances during the period 1450-1750, or the Renaissance Era, were major influences to the way of life seen today. The ships, tools for traveling, especially the ones made Portugal and Spain all Impact society today, allowing for the age of exploration to emerge. All these tools proved prosperous but known more important than the printing-press independently developed in Germany by Johannes Gutenberg. Germany before this time was divided, in other words not a country yet, but divided into a city-state format, different provinces ruled by a king under an interregnum. Also, before this era Germany was still under the Holy Roman Empire, in other words Catholic in their Religion. The impact that this new technology produced in†¦show more content†¦And papermaking people also thrived due to the high demand of books. Europe was once again flourishing thanks to this new invention. Although, most of the world changed in many aspects, Germany continued the same in many ways. As been mentioned the printing press invented by a German had great changes, on Europe and the rest of the world, Germany did not change much. Germany still continued to be decentralized. Germany was divided into a collection of city-states,Show MoreRelatedIslam and Continuities1628 Words   |  7 Pagescivilizations; include their contacts, including religious, with adjacent regions. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Discuss the changes and continuities in the Silk Road trading network from 600 BCE – 1450 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Discuss the changes and continuities that occurred in the roles and functions of cities in major societies from the Neolithic Revolution to 1450. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trace and analyze the changes and continuities in global demographics from 8000 BCE through 1900 CE.   Be sure to address what global processes affected it throughoutRead MoreCCOT And CC Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagese. – 1450 c.e. 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Reading Among Youth Free Essays

CABRAL, ALYANNA ANGELINA M. Argumentative Essay Communication I (TFD2) October 16, 2012 Technology and Movies Help in Promoting Reading among the Youth of Today â€Å"I find television very educating. Every time somebody turns on the set, I go into t he other room and read a book. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Among Youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Groucho Marx). Upon reading this quotation from Marx, I felt that he is trying to make technology sound as the mortal nemesis of reading. If I were to choose between watching T. V. and reading a book, I would choose to watch T. V. right away. But if I put more thought into choosing, I would prefer reading a book. I just came to this realization that when I read a book, a novel for example, my mind is free to imagine. If I want to make myself the leading lady in the novel I am reading, and the leading man to be Zac Efron, I could do that. When we read novels, everything in the story is in our favor, but when it comes to the story itself, we cannot change anything. This capability of us to freely imagine is not present when watching T. V. It is because when watching T. V. , images that we see directly sinks in into our minds. In a soap opera, if you see that the leading man is Jericho Rosales, can you easily replace the leading man with Zac Efron by just using your imagination ? You cannot since the image of Jericho Rosales is stuck in your mind. In a fight between television and reading, obviously, I am now in the side of reading. But it does not mean that I am against technology. People always say that technology took away reading from the youth. But is technology that of a big hindrance to reading? Has technology done nothing to somehow influence the youth into reading? If I compared the youth today from the youth before, I can say that the youth before is more into reading than the youth today. Before, when radio was the only device as the source of entertainment in every household, when only rich people had televisions in their homes, and when average children only peek from the windows of other houses to watch television, reading Filipino comics was the favourite past time of young people. The Pinoy superheroes and famous characters that we know today such as Panday, Darna, Zuma, Dyesebel, and Captain Barbel l came from these comics. These comics were very affordable that even a kid who only has a few coins in his/her pocket as allowance can buy it. When youngsters had finished their comics they rented it to other comic readers. They did not only enjoy reading but they also made profit from it. But those are not the only advantages that comics have on the youth be fore. The common story in Filipino comics before was about losers who became superheroes. These types of comics give young readers that shining hope that someday they will be as admirable as these superheroes. In the modern times, I can say that reading among the youth is indeed lessened but I do think that reading is not dead among us. Youngsters may be very attached with the technology but many are still interested with reading novels, especially the teenagers. Novels like â€Å"A Walk to Remember†, â€Å"Harry Potter†, â€Å"Percy Jackson and the Olympians† , â€Å"The Hunger Games† and â€Å"The Vampire Diaries† are famous among teenagers. Reading these English novels is beneficial for young readers in terms of vocabulary. They learn new English words through context. Some modern novels also have disadvantages in terms of content. Some novels have contents that may be inappropriate for young readers. The erotic novel â€Å"50 Shades of Grey† and the epistolary novel â€Å"The Perks of Being a Wallflower† have parts that may be too sensual for teenagers. Some novels can also have contents expressing Cabral 2 brutality. The young adult novels like â€Å"The Hunger Games† and â€Å"The Vampire Diaries† have parts in it wherein the piercing of flesh and splashing of blood are explained in clear detail. But it is not only the English novels that are loved by teenagers. They also read books by Filipino writers. One great example of a famous Filipino writer among teenagers is Bob Ong. His works are famous for being humorous. I think that is why teenagers like his books. I have also read one of his books. The one I read was titled â€Å"Lumayo Ka Nga Sa Akin†. Indeed, the book was humorous—you can tell just by the title and cover of it , but behind that, it has content that criticizes the arts in the Philippines. It suggests that the quality of arts in the Philippines is poor in terms of the movies, songs, and artists that we produce. There were also parts of the book implying that Filipinos are dumb for being too shallow to buy these low-quality movies as suggested in the book. For me, having teenagers read these kinds of books is good for them. It is good for them in a way that at such young age, their eyes are opened to the real problems of our country. I think Bob Ong’s main purpose is not to make a fool out of Filipinos. I think his purpose was to wake Filipinos up. He wants Filipinos to know their mistakes and the things around them that need correction. That is why I recommend these kinds of books to teenagers since we are the people of tomorrow and as people of tomorrow, it is good that we already know the things that we should fix in ourselves and in our surroundings for a better country. Comics have images in them while novels only have texts. Considering this, I would prefer reading novels than comics. It is because reading without seeing any graphical representation of what you are reading will let you freely imagine and form in your mind your own picture of what you are reading. Contrasting Filipino comics from novels, I would say that Cabral 3 one difference between them is the age group of their readers. Unlike reading today, teenagers before were not the only ones who enjoyed reading comics but children of very young ages were able to enjoy them also since Filipino comics before covered a wide variety of stories and were written in Filipino. Today, kids are not able to enjoy reading as much as teenagers do. It is because kids prefer seeing pictures rather than texts. That is why kids before were able to enjoy comics because it has images in it. Also, most of the children today watch cartoons as their past time. Because of technology, some of the youth of today lost their interest in reading. Aside from technology, another factor why some of the youth today are taken away from reading is that the prices of books today are not very appropriate for young people. Before, Filipino comics were more or less 5 pesos each if you will buy it firsthand. If you will rent it from somebody, it costs about 2 pesos each. Nowadays, teenagers have to save money for months in order to buy a novel. One novel today costs more or less 300 pesos. Because of this, not all young people have access to these kinds of books. Despite that fact, many teenagers, who are avid readers, still find means to gain access to the novels they like to read. They may try to borrow books from their friends. They may also download e -books from the internet —and this is where the advantage of technology in reading comes in. Technology may have lessened reading in the modern times, but we cannot deny that it also helped young people to access any novel they like to read. Nowadays, teenagers have e book readers in their phones wherein they can read the ir downloaded e-books. If you do not have an e-book reader, you could just search for the pdf forms of the novels you like on the internet and then download it through different file sharing sites. These methods make reading more convenient and affordable for teenagers. Through downloading e -books and pdf files, they do not Cabral 4 have to spend money to be able to read novels. With just one click in their phones, t hey could read novels whenever and wherever since novels are stored in their phones. Aside from technology, another thing that made teenagers closer to reading is moviebased novels. Before, stories in Filipino comics that became very famous were made into movies. This trend before can also be observed today. As far as I know, this trend started with â€Å"Harry Potter† which is a series of fantasy novels. Every novel in this series was made into a movie and every movie turned into a success. The same goes for â€Å"Twilight† which is a series of vampire-themed fantasy romance novels. These kinds of movies are famous among teenagers nowadays. As to what I have observed, fans of a typical novel-based movie are divided into two: those who have read the novel before watching the movie and those who became fans upon watching the movie. Because of these kinds of movies, teenagers who are non-readers of novels suddenly become interested in reading. The fact that novel-based movies are often in series also helped in promoting reading among non-readers. Let us take the Twilight series as an example. When non-readers watch the movie â€Å"Twilight†, which is based from the first novel in the series, and they liked it, they w ill be enticed to read the book itself. They will continue to read up to the fourth book which is â€Å"Breaking Dawn† because they will be eager to know about the happenings in the succeeding novels in the series. So, it turns out that technology is not a nemesis of reading after all. Actually, it helps to promote reading by rendering the youth free access to their favourite novels via e-book. Despite that fact, we cannot deny that reading from a book is still better than reading from an e -book. Scrolling an e-book from your phone or tablet is nothing compared with flipping the crisp pages Cabral 5 of a book. What is important is that there are still many youth today who appreciate the greatness of reading a book. They do not only give importance to the knowledge they can get from reading, but they also appreciate the beauty of it and the fulfilment of reading wonderful stories. Cabral 6 How to cite Reading Among Youth, Essay examples

Financial Accounting

Question: Discuss the measurement and recognition requirements of the relevant accounting standard. Review the most recent financial statements of a listed Australian firm and provide discussions about the measurement and recognition disclosure provided by the company in compliance with the relevant accounting standard. Answer: Introduction With increasing modernization and development in the world, the size and level of transactions have also increased that is ultimately a good indicator for progression but it is to be noted that this increase in the transactions have made the disclosure of information more tougher because users are confused about when to disclose, how to disclose and for whom to disclose. With the support of accounting boards like IASB and AASB, specific standards are being set that must be complied by all but due to this varied and over-stretched nature of transactions, one universal rule to be followed by all gets failed to be applied. Therefore disclosure of information is required but according to Materiality, only the important information must be taken into account and the unimportant ones must be avoided. As a universal rule fails to be applied for every single company, it can be understood that Materiality is a subjective factor that depends on the nature and size of transactions and hence inf ormation can be considered material for one company while other company may not feel the same (Choi Meek, 2011). Disclosures and Measurement of Intangible assets There are various users of the financial statements and they also use it for different motives like taxation motives, business motives and educational motives etc. Simply saying, these general purpose financial statements have different uses for different users and thus in order to satisfy the users, the information must be materially complete and exempted from any flaws (Graham Smart, 2012). The threshold of materiality for intangibles for one company may differ from other companies because it varies over time and hence the threshold point when the disclosure of information becomes essential, that point is defined as Materiality (Albrecht et. al, 2011). IASB states that information is material if its omission or misstatement can influence the judgement of someone who relies upon the financial statements. Materiality helps in the break-up of amounts of relevant items present in the financial statements. In order to depict a true and fair position of the business, the information in the financial statements for every item including intangibles must be materially complete from all aspects. This materiality concept is closely associated with some other concepts of accounting that are reliability, relevance, comparability, understandability and completeness. According to the Reliability concept of accounting, only that information of transactions must be recorded in the financial statements which can be verified with objective evidence (Gibson, 2012). This means that the information must be completely accurate and true in all aspects so that the users can place their reliance on the same. Materiality is also linked with relevance concept due to the reason that both the concepts imply that information can be considered relevant if it can help the users in predicting future business trends and for this purpose, the irrelevant matters from the statements must be avoided. Both Completeness and Materiality concept in turn fulfill the requirements of Reliability concept because information in financial statements can be considered reliable if it is materially complete in every aspect. Both the Comparability and Understandability concept are also associated with Materiality because according to all these three concepts, information must be materially complete so that the users can understand it and make decisions for future but for this, the information must be comparable with that of the previous years so that better decisions can be ascertained (Deegan, 2011). Evaluation of BHP Billiton Ltd In order to understand more about the concept of materiality in the financial statements, BHP Billiton Ltd has been chosen for this purpose that can help in explaining more details about the topic. By observing the annual report of this company, it can be understood that the company has been followed many aspects of Materiality. The most relevant aspect followed by the company is associated with Corporate Governance of a company and in relation to this; BHP Billiton has appointed the ASXs second edition of Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations (BHP Billiton, 2015). With the help of this aspect, outsiders and investors have become confident towards the company and are interested to be informed about the functioning of the Board and its composition. It can be observed that these aspects are very beneficial for the company and hence are considered material for it. It can also be observed that various relevant matters regarding the composition of Board, appointment of Board , Independence of the Board and Board meetings are also accommodated in the annual report of BHP. If any of the directors of the company pursue a material interest in respect to any transaction in the company, then that director must be debarred from voting in the meetings of the company. He also loses the right to participate in the meetings of the company where such transactions are discussed. The only condition required is that the directors material relationship in respect to a transaction must be other than his role as a director. If not, then this situation does not prevail. The net cash position of operating, investing and financial activities can be obtained through a cash flow statement. As materiality helps in providing support to the users of financial statements that enables them in decision making, it is advised that the management and preparers of the financial statements must bound themselves with a duty to discuss matters with the auditors of the company in relation to the matters requiring disclosure (Guerard, 2013). The accounting standards of this company prescribes that only some specific companies or entities are needed to disclose their financial information but the ascertainment whether the information to be disclosed is relevant or not to the management and other users is a materiality related decision. The annual report of BHP Billiton also provides the importance of risk disclosure in a company. In the present scenario, the business world is filled with several risks and uncertainties and in order to counter these risks, the financial statements of the company must disclose the material risks associated with the business (BHP Billiton, 2015). This can help the investors to make relevant investment decisions relating to the company. Disclosure of risks is thus considered to be a very important aspect (Brigs, 2013). As discussed earlier that the annual report of BHP Billiton comprises of details on the Board meetings, Independence of Board etc, this disclosure can fetch several advantages to the company because outsiders are keen to know about the functioning of the company and its reliability level and disclosing such information helps in building integrity and trust upon the outsiders. They can exert confidence on the company in relation to several matters that can in turn develop the goodwill of the company (BHP Billiton, 2015). Setting a threshold point for the expenses of the company helps in avoiding the irrelevant items from the statements and also the useful life of an asset together with an estimate on asset amortization enables the stakeholders to make a judgement regarding the fulfillment of statutory requirements of the company (Libby et. al, 2011). Conclusion The concept of materiality can thus be understood and it can be known what emphasis it has on the efficiency of the companys functioning. It clearly helps the users of financial statements in effective decision making but it is to be noted that nowadays, financial information is being determined on both qualitative as well as quantitative attributes that clearly indicates a serious lack or loophole in the functioning of the legal or compliance system (Davies Crawford, 2012). This deficiency in the compliance system generates an urgent requirement for professional judgement on matters relating to materiality. Due to the improper function of compliance system, professional judgement is being stressed by everyone so that the materiality concept is not taken to another level and its efficiency is safeguarded on the minds of every user of financial statements. Thus, this makes it clear that not only the monetary effects are taken into consideration for determining and testing materiality but also there are other factors that must be given due importance. References Albrecht, W., Stice, E. and Stice, J 2011, Financial accounting, Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Brigs, A 2013, Financial reporting analysis, Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Choi, R.D. and Meek, G.K 2011, International accounting, Pearson. Davies, T. and Crawford, I 2012,Financial accounting. Harlow, England: Pearson. Deegan, C. M 2011, In Financial accounting theory, North Ryde, N.S.W: McGraw-Hill. Guerard, J. 2013,Introduction to financial forecasting in investment analysis, New York, NY: Springer. Graham, J. and Smart, S 2012, Introduction to corporate finance, Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Gibson, C. 2012, financial statement analysis, Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Libby, R., Libby, P. and Short, D 2011, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.